Other emissions of CO2
In addition to the emissions corresponding to the consumption of electricity, other indirect emissions caused by Terna’s activities are connected with:
- employee flying
- grid losses.
The emissions corresponding to employee flying recorded a decrease of 6.4% in 2010 with respect to 2009, mainly because of fewer intercontinental flights following the sale of the Company’s Brazilian subsidiary at the end of 2009.
INDIRECT EMISSIONS OF CO2 FROM EMPLOYEE FLYING
Miles |
CO2 emissions (tons) |
|||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Kind of flight | 2010 | 2009 | 2008 | 2010 | 2009 | 2008 |
Domestic | 3,065,573 | 3,511,970 | 3,793,592 | 1,010 | 1,013 | 1,09 |
International | 1,128,909 | 1,223,462 | 1,306,497 | 271 | 260 | 269 |
Intercontinenetal | 945,914 | 1,618,459 | 1,152,414 | 195 | 306 | 231 |
TOTAL | 5,140,396 | 6,353,891 | 6,252,503 | 1,477 | 1,578 | 1,589 |
GRID LOSSES
% with respect to energy demand | GWh | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
2010 (1) | 2009 | 2008 (2) | 2010 | 2009 | 2008 (2) | |
EHV grid | 1.25 | 1.27 | 1.32 | 4,077 | 4,067 | 4,457 |
HV grid | 1.42 | 1.44 | na | 4,632 | 4,612 | na |
It should be noted that Terna can only contribute to determining the extent of the losses, which are not completely under its control. To explain this fact, it is useful to distinguish between dispatching activities and activities for developing the grid.
Dispatchingi is necessary to ensure the constant balance between injections and withdrawals and to avoid problems of grid security and poor service. These activities take place according to regulated criteria within the framework of production set-up determined by the energy market and therefore cannot be conditioned by Terna and the objective of minimizing losses. On the other hand, it should be noted that the energy market implicitly favors the more efficient productions and thus entails a trend of emission reduction that is much greater than that of grid losses.
The CO2 emissions associated with grid losses in 2010 were as follows:
- for the EHV grid, 1,749,028 tons
- for the HV grid, 1,986,896 tons
Terna is developing new specifications for the acquisition and use of medium-voltage/low-voltage transformers with “low losses of electricity”. The adoption of the new specifications is in keeping with the Electricity Authority’s resolution ARG/elt 348/07. The objective of the new specifications is the construction and acquisition of class-Ak transformers, the highest-performing, with a reduction of losses due to the load of 11% with respect to the current values. As far as “in vain” energy losses are concerned, the adoption of the B0 class will lead to an average loss reduction of 28% with respect to the current values. The reduction will also have an impact on grid losses.